Photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing thereof

ABSTRACT

A photovoltaic device comprises a photovoltaic module is disposed on or above an insulating substrate  10 , holes  10   a   , 10   d  connected with conducting paste terminal  50   a   , 50   d  of the module formed on the substrate  10 , conducting materials  52  connected electrically with the conducting paste terminal  50   a   , 50   d , a protective resin film  82  covering its surface. The protective resin film  82  has opening at position facing to the conducting materials  52 , which is larger than shape of the topside of the conducting material  62 . The conducting materials are disposed inside of the opening.

[0001] This application is based on an application No. 266332 filed in Japan on Sep. 1, 2001, the content of which is incorporated hereinto by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to a photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing of the device.

[0004] 2. Background Art

[0005] A photovoltaic device shown in FIG. 12, which has been developed in advance by the applicant, has a photovoltaic module 200. In this photovoltaic module 200, generating areas A-D are electrically connected in series in external periphery. The generating area have a first electrode layer 20, a light-active semiconductor layer 30 and a transparent conducting layer 40 in laminated on an insulating resin substrate 110 such as polyimid. The module 200 has protective resin films 181, 182 such as PET on top and back via adhesive layer 183, 184.

[0006] Output of the photovoltaic module 200 is led to output terminals 150 a, 150 d such as conducting paste. The photovoltaic device has the protective resin film 182 having the opening 185 a, 185 d led to the output terminals 150 a, 150 d in backside The opening 185 a, 185 d have conducting materials 152, 152 such as conducting paste inside. The conducting materials 152, 152 are disposed on the surface of the protective resin film 182, and disposed on periphery of the opening 185 a, 185 d.

[0007] In the related photovoltaic device mentioned above, it can occur that the output from the backside conducting materials 152 are nothing or low after accomplishment. Such defective has proved due to disconnection inside of the conducting materials 152.

[0008] The reason of the disconnection is considered as follows. The conducting materials 152 are formed with heat-drying at approximately 150° C., after patterning original material such as conducting paste with screen printing. The conducting paste as the original materials includes binder such as polyimide, phoenolic or epoxy binder, and conducting powder such as silver, nickel, carbon or aluminum etc. The conducting materials 152 are disposed through materials having different thermal expansion, such as the substrate 110, the adhesive layer 184 and the protective resin film 182. Accordingly, in dry-heating, each materials expands, and when back to room temperature later, each materials contracts, so that the conducting materials 152 have stress. This stress makes the conducting materials 152 cracked partly. The crack breaks conductivity between the conducting powders and makes the conducting materials disconnected.

[0009] In addition, expansion in heating state under sunshine, contraction in low-temperature state in the night or the like stress the conducting materials 152 and can make it disconnected even in operating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] This invention is developed to solve these types of problems, it is thus an object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic device and a method of manufacturing the device, in which a conducting materials leading output to outside is less disconnected therein.

[0011] The above and further objects and features of the invention will more fully be apparent from the following detailed description with accompanying drawings.

[0012] A photovoltaic device of the present invention comprises a photovoltaic module is disposed on or above an insulating substrate, a conducting material electrically connected with an output terminal of the photovoltaic module and disposed on one side facet of the substrate, a protective layer covering said facet side of the photovoltaic module. And the protective layer has opening at position facing to the conducting material, which is larger than shape of said facet side of the conducting material.

[0013] A method of manufacturing of a photovoltaic device of the present invention comprises a process step forming a hole in a insulating substrate connected with an output terminal of a photovoltaic module formed on a insulating resin substrate, a process step disposing a conducting material backside of the substrate to connect with the output terminal electrically via the hole, and a process step forming a protective layer having opening at position facing to the conducting material in topside of the substrate, which is lager than shape of backside of the conducting material.

[0014] In the photovoltaic device mentioned above, the photovoltaic device has the substrate and the protective layer, even if, which are materials having different thermal expansion, the conducting materials are disposed inside of the opening of the protective layer, so that the expansion or contraction of the protective layer do not make the conducting materials stress when the expansion or contraction occurs in use of the photovoltaic device. Therefore the conducting materials are less disconnected.

[0015] In addition, in the method of manufacturing of the invention, the conducting materials are formed, before the protective layer is formed. For example, when a conducting paste is used as the conducting material, printing and heat-drying are employed. The conducting material is formed before forming the protective layer, so that the problem of the related art mentioned above does not occur. In the related art, such that expansion or contraction of the protective resin film, as the protective layer by heating of forming the conducting materials make the conducting materials disconnected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016]FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a substrate used for the present invention.

[0017]FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the first process step of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0018]FIG. 3(a) is a plan view showing the second process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section view at A-A in plan view (a).

[0019]FIG. 4(a) is a plan view showing the third process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section at A-A in plan view (a).

[0020]FIG. 5(a) is a plan view showing the fourth process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section at A-A in plan view (a).

[0021]FIG. 6(a) is a plan view showing the fifth process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section at A-A in plan view (a).

[0022]FIG. 7(a) is a plan view showing the sixth process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section at A-A in plan view (a).

[0023]FIG. 8(a) is a plan view showing the seventh process step of the first embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section at A-A in plan view (a).

[0024]FIG. 9(a) is a plan view showing a process step of the second embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section view at A-A in plan view (a).

[0025]FIG. 10(a) is a plan view showing next process step of the second embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a cross-section view at A-A in plan view (a).

[0026]FIG. 11(a) is a cross-section view of schematic showing the photovoltaic device developed in advance by the applicant in packing, which is the related photovoltaic device in packing, and (b) is the photovoltaic device of the invention in packing.

[0027]FIG. 12(a) is a plan view showing the photovoltaic device developed in advance by the applicant, and (b) is a cross-section view at A-A in plan view (a).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0028] The following describes in detail first embodiment of the structure of the photovoltaic device and the method of manufacturing of the photovoltaic device with reference to FIGS. 1 through 8. First, the structure of the photovoltaic module, which is formed on an substrate, and the method of manufacturing is described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 6, then the conducting materials and the protective resin film as the protective layer having the opening, which are features of the invention, are described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0029] First turning to FIG. 1, a substrate 10 used in this embodiment is shown. As shown in FIG. 1(a), the substrate 10 is a flexible rectangular film substrate made of resin such as polyimide (coefficient of expansion 10×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) etc. In FIG. 1(a), substrate regions encircled with alternate long and single dotted lines 11, 11, . . . are respectively regions in which photovoltaic devices are formed. FIG. 1(b) shows around the lower left corner of the substrate 10. Regions A through D delineated by alternate long and double dotted lines in FIG. 1(b) are power generating regions, which are a stacked layer body of a first electrode layer, a light-active semiconductor layer, and a transparent conducting layer as described below. Finally, AT is the positive electrode terminal area and DT is the negative electrode terminal area.

[0030] In process shown in the remaining FIGS. 2 through 8 show method of manufacturing the photovoltaic device steps for the photovoltaic device near the lower left corner of the substrate 10. Since method of manufacturing steps for all other photovoltaic devices are the same as shown in these figures, their description is abbreviated.

[0031] Turning to the process step shown in FIG. 2, the first electrode layer 20 a through 20 d is formed respectively corresponding to the power generating regions A through D. These first electrode layer 20 a through 20 d are each fan-shaped with a central angle of approximately 90°. The first electrode layer 20 a through 20 d are disposed with spaces of prescribed width between them and form an circular shape as a whole. Further, each of the first electrode layers 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c has a connecting region 20 ae, 20 be, and 20 ce which extends outside the periphery of the adjacent power generating region B, C, and D respectively. The first electrode layers 20 a through 20 d have a thickness from 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm, and are made of metal films such as tungsten, aluminum, titanium, nickel, or copper, etc. In addition, the first electrode layer 20 d extends into the negative electrode terminal area DT. Conversely, a first electrode layer is not disposed in the positive electrode terminal area AT.

[0032] Next, in the process step shown in FIG. 3, the light-active semiconductor layer 30, which is a pn or pin-type layered-structure of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon-carbide, or amorphous silicon-germanium, etc., is formed over most of the substrate 10 with a thickness from 0.3 μm to 1.0 μm. Subsequently, a transparent conducting film 40, which constitutes the transparent conducting layer described below, is formed over most of the light-active semiconductor layer 30. This transparent conducting film 40 is a transparent conducting film of zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), or tin oxide (SnO2), etc. with a thickness from 0.3 μm to 1.0 μm.

[0033] Each of the first electrode layer connecting regions 20 ae, 20 be, and 20 ce are next laser-welded and electrically connected to the transparent conducting film 40 by linearly scanning a YAG laser (1.06 μm wavelength) parallel to the sides of the substrate 10 and positioned over the transparent conducting film 40 above the first electrode layer connecting regions 20 ae, 20 be, and 20 ce. The laser-welded regions are in the form of spots approximately 50 μm to 80 μm in diameter, and they are shown as dotted line 15 in FIG. 13. Since the photovoltaic devices at this process step of the present embodiment are positioned on the substrate 10 in the regions 11, 11, . . . as shown in FIG. 1, the connecting regions of the first electrode layer and the transparent conducting film 40 for all other photovoltaic devices being processed are electrically connected by linear scanning of the YAG laser as described above. Instead of the YAG laser being linearly scanned, a laser device capable of spot irradiation only over the first electrode layer connecting regions 20 ae, 20 be, and 20 ce can be used to laser-weld and electrically connect the electrodes.

[0034] In addition, circular shape holes 10 a, 10 d with a diameter approximately 0.1 mm, which penetrate through the substrate 10, the light-active semiconductor layer 30 and the transparent conducting layer 40 etc., are formed by irradiating energy beam such as YAG laser from topside of the substrate 10. If necessary, in negative terminal area DT, a first electrode layer 20 d and a transparent conducting layer 40 dt, which are disposed with facing to each other via a light-active semiconductor layer 30, are welded by energy beam such as YAG laser.

[0035] Next in the process step shown in FIG. 4, conducting paste electrodes 50 a and 50 d, which are output terminals of the photovoltaic module, are formed over the transparent conducting film 40 in the positive electrode terminal area AT and the negative electrode terminal area DT respectively. These conducting paste electrodes 50 a and 50 d are formed by the following screen printing method. This conducting paste is a polyimide, phenol, or epoxy based binder which includes a conducting powder such as silver, nickel, or aluminum, etc. After patterning the electrode terminals of the conducting paste by screen printing, the conducting paste is baked dry at 150° C., a film of the conducting paste typically 10 μm to 20 μm in height is formed. And the conducting paste materials are disposed inside of the holes 10 a, 10 d shown in FIG. 4 by this screen printing method.

[0036] Next, a patterned transparent protective layers 60 a through 60 d, which are passed by visible light but not passed by ultraviolet light, is disposed over the transparent conducting film 40 corresponding to each of the power generating regions A through D. Further, the patterned transparent protective layer 60 a extends over the electrode terminal area AT, and in the electrode terminal area DT a transparent protective layer 60 dt having an approximately circular shape is disposed separately from the transparent protective layer 60 d, This transparent protective layers are patterned by screen printing and heat-drying the starting materials of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin (approximately 3 μm to 6 μm in the layer thickness). Gap widths between the adjacent patterned transparent protective layers are desirably greater than or equal to approximately 0.2 mm, and are set at approximately 0.4 mm in this embodiment.

[0037] Next in the process step shown in FIG. 5, a sheet-beam of ultraviolet laser light, which is a sheet-beam of eximer laser (KrF laser, 249 nm) light, is scanned over the substrate 10 to irradiate it over most of the substrate 10 surface.

[0038] As a result of this process step, exposed portions of the transparent conducting film 40, which are not covered by the transparent protective layers 60 a through 60 d and 60 dt being visible light transparent and ultraviolet light blocking, is removed. Transparent conductiong layers 40 a through 40 d and 40 dt are thereby formed corresponding to each of the transparent protective layer 60 a through 60 d and 60 dt. Here, eximer laser parameters are set considering scanning speed and width of the sheet-beam etc. so as to sufficiently remove exposed portions of the transparent conducting film 40. In this embodiment, ITO of about 700 Å was used for the transparent conducting film 40, and exposed ITO transparent conducting film 40 could be sufficiently removed with KrF laser parameters of 1.0 to 1.6 J/pulse output, 150 mm sheet-beam length, 0.4 mm sheet-beam width (i.e. 0.017-0.027 J/pulce-mm²), 30 Hz pulse rate, and 12 mm/sec scanning speed.

[0039] The transparent conducting layers 40 b, 40 c, and 40 d have connecting regions 40 be, 40 ce, and 40 de facing the first electrode layer connecting regions 20 ae, 20 be, and 20 ce respectively through the light-active semiconductor layer 30. Each of these connecting regions 40 be, 40 ce, and 40 de is electrically connected to the adjacent first electrode layers by welding in the process step shown in FIG. 3.

[0040] Next in the process step shown in FIG. 6, protective materials 70, 71, 70 at, and 70 dt in gaps between each of the power generating regions A through D and over the terminal areas AT and DT are formed by screen-printing. Resin such as acrylic or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with film thickness 2 μm to 10 μm can be used as this protective materials resin. The protective materials may be either transparent or with coloration. When brownish color is added to the protective materials, it has the same type of coloration as the amorphous silicon light-active semiconductor layer 30 and color contrast over the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic device can be reduced. This can result in a pleasing external appearance when the photovoltaic device is used as power source for a watch or clock.

[0041] The photovoltaic module has been formed on the substrate 10 by the process steps described above.

[0042] Next, the conducting materials and the protective resin film as the protective layer having the opening, which are feature of the invention, are described with FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. In a process step shown in FIG. 7, first, transparent topside protective resin film 81 is formed as a protective layer above the surface of the substrate 10. The protective resin film 81 is a film body with film thickness approximately 25 μm to 1000 μm, which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (=PET, coefficient of expansion 17×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) etc. An adhesive layer 83 with film thickness approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, which is made of thermoplastic resin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (=EVA, coefficient of expansion 110 to 220×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) is attached to the one side surface of the protective resin film 81. The protective resin film 81 is laminated by passing through heat rollers. More detail, PET with film thickness 50 μm is employed as the topside protective resin film 81.

[0043] Subsequently, the conducting materials 52 made of conducting paste is disposed from the backside on the holes 10 a, 10 d and the periphery of the holes of the back surface of the substrate 10. The conducting materials 52 are formed by heat-drying at approximately 150° C., after patterning original materials, which are binder such as polyimide, phoenolic or epoxy binder including conducting powder such as silver, nickel, carbon or aluminum etc., by screen printing. The conducting materials 52 are circular shape with diameter approximately 1.2 mm in the view from the backside.

[0044] Then, the film shaped transparent backside protective resin film 82 as the protective layer is formed above the whole back surface of the substrate 10. The protective resin film 82 is a film body with film thickness approximately 25 μm to 1000 μm, which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (=PET, coefficient of expansion 17×10⁻⁶cm/cm/° C.) etc. An adhesive layer 84 with film thickness approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, which is made of thermoplastic resin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (=EVA, coefficient of expansion 110 to 220×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) is attached onto the one side surface of the protective resin film 82. The protective resin film 82 is laminated by passing through heat rollers. More detail, PET with film thickness 25 μm is employed as the backside protective resin film 82.

[0045] Then the backside protective resin film 82 defines circular opening 85 a, 85 d with diameter approximately 3 mm in advance, which are larger than the backside circular shape of the conducting materials 52 projecting in the backside of the substrate 10. The diameter of the backside shape in the projecting portion of the conducting materials 52 projecting from the substrate 10 toward backside is approximately 1.2 mm in diameter. This structure makes the conducting materials 52 disposed inside of the opening 85 a, 85 d.

[0046] Subsequently, external periphery of the resin materials 70 disposed periphery portion of the power generating region A through D is cut-out by Thomson type cutter etc. As described above, each of the photovoltaic devices shown in FIG. 8 is accomplished from the substrate 10. While an opening hole 12 is formed in center portion of the photovoltaic device by cut-out. When the photovoltaic device is used for power source of a watch or clock, the hole 12 can be used as a through hole to penetrate axis for pointers of the watch or the clock.

[0047] In the first embodiment of the photovoltaic device and the method of manufacturing, even if the substrate 10, the adhesive layer 84 and the protective resin film 82, which are different thermal expansion materials, are employed, the conducting materials 52 can be less disconnected. It causes that the conducting materials 52 are disposed inside of the opening 85 a, 85 d of the protective resin film 82, so that the expansion or contraction of the protective layer do not make the conducting materials stress when the expansion or contraction occurs. In addition, in the first embodiment of the method of manufacturing, the conducting materials 52 are formed by printing the conductive paste and then dry-heating, before the protective resin film 82 is formed, so that the problem of the related art mentioned above in which expansion or contraction of protective resin film 82 by heating of forming the conducting materials make the conducting materials disconnected, does not occur.

[0048] Next, the following describes in detail second embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment described above, the conducting materials 52 are disposed to output from the backside, in the second embodiment, its structure is to output from topside. The following describes in detail second embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. In the second embodiment, approximately similar structure and method of manufacturing of the first embodiment through FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 are employed; except circular shape holes 10 a, 10 d are disposed at the step shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, in FIGS. 9 and 10, each element has same numbers in lower double figure, except number in upper single figure, as the number of the same element of the first embodiment described above.

[0049] Here, following structure is different from the first embodiment, an intermediate body shown in FIG. 9 is manufactured. As shown in FIG. 9, a transparent protective layer 960 a has opening 960 h with diameter approximately 1 mm on a conducting paste terminal 950 a. A transparent protective layer 960 dt has opening 960 h with diameter approximately 1 mm on a conducting paste terminal 950 d. Protective material 970 at has opening 970 h and protective material 970 dt has opening 970 h to connect with these opening 960 h. Accordingly, the conducting paste terminal 950 a, 950 d are exposed to upper side of a substrate 910. In addition, in negative terminal area DT, a first electrode layer 920 d and a transparent conducting layer 940 dt, which are disposed with facing to each other via a light-active semiconductor layer 930, are welded by energy beam such as YAG laser, before forming the conducting paste terminal 950 d.

[0050] Subsequently, conducting materials 953, which are made of conducting paste, are disposed inside of the holes 960 h, 970 h and on periphery of the holes of the protective materials 970 at and 970 dt from top side. The conducting materials 953 include binder such as polyimide, phoenolic or epoxy binder, and conducting powder such as silver, nickel, carbon or aluminum etc. The conducting pastes are formed with heat-drying at approximately 150° C. after patterning by screen printing. The conducting materials 953 are circular shape with diameter approximately 1.2 mm in the view from the top side, and can be disposed inside of the holes 960 h, 970 h by the screen printing process.

[0051] Next, in process step shown in FIG. 10, a film shaped transparent topside protective resin film 981 as the protective layer is formed above surface of the substrate 910. The protective resin film 981 is a film body with film thickness approximately 25 μm to 1000 μm, which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (=PET, coefficient of expansion 17×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) etc. An adhesive layer 983 with film thickness approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, which is made of thermoplastic resin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (=EVA, coefficient of expansion 110 to 220×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) is attached onto the one side surface of the protective resin film 981. The protective resin film 981 is laminated by passing through heat rollers. More detail, PET with film thickness 50 μm is employed as the topside protective resin film 981.

[0052] Then, the topside protective film 981 has the circular shaped opening 981 a, 981 d with diameter approximately 2 mm in advance, which are larger than the topside shape of the upper portion of the conducting materials 953, at the position facing to the conducting materials 953 as shown in FIGS. The diameter of the topside shape of the conducting materials 953 is approximately 1.2 mm, and the diameter of the opening 981 a, 981 d is approximately 2 mm. According to this structure, the conducting materials 953 are disposed inside of the opening 981 a, 981 d. Next, the film shaped transparent backside protective resin film 982 as the protective layer is formed above the whole back surface of the substrate 910. The protective resin film 982 is a film body with film thickness approximately 25 μm to 1000 μm, which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (=PET, coefficient of expansion 17×10⁻⁶ cm/cm/° C.) etc. An adhesive layer 984 with film thickness approximately 20 μm to 100 μm, which is made of thermoplastic resin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (=EVA, coefficient of expansion 110 to 220×0⁻⁶cm/cm/° C.) is attached onto the one side surface of the protective resin film 982. The topside protective resin film 982 is laminated by passing through heat rollers. More detail, PET with film thickness 25 μm is employed as the topside protective resin film 982.

[0053] Subsequently, as similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8, external periphery of the resin material 970 disposed periphery portion of the power generating region A through D is cut-out by Thomson type cutter or the like to make the photovoltaic device of the second embodiment. As described above, each of the photovoltaic devices is accomplished from the substrate 910. While an opening hole is formed by cut-out in center portion of the photovoltaic device. When the photovoltaic device is used for power source of a watch or clock, the hole can be used as a through hole to penetrate axis for pointers of the watch or the clock

[0054] In the second embodiment of the photovoltaic device and the method of manufacturing described above, even if the substrate 910, the adhesive layer 983 and the protective resin film 981, which are different thermal expansion, are employed, the conducting materials 953 can be less disconnected. It causes that the conducting materials 953 are disposed inside of the opening 981 a, 981 d of the protective resin film 981, so that the expansion or contraction of the protective layer do not make the conducting materials stress when the expansion or contraction occur in operating. In addition, in the second embodiment of the method of manufacturing, the conducting materials 953 are formed by printing conductive paste and then dry-heating, before the protective resin film 981 is formed, so that the problem of the related art mentioned above in which expansion or contraction by heating of forming the conducting materials make the conducting materials disconnected, does not occur.

[0055] Next, the advantage of the accomplished photovoltaic device of the invention in packing is explained. As shown in FIG. 11, when a plurality of the accomplished photovoltaic devices 1, 1, . . . (See FIG. 11(b)) are packed in a cylindrical container 2 having a bottom for shipping or for storage, it has the advantage. In the case of the photovoltaic of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11(b), the conducting materials 52 are disposed inside of the opening 85 of the protective resin film 82, so that a plurality of the photovoltaic devices 1 can be superimposed for storage in approximately perpendicular. Also, in the case of the second embodiment, the devices are can be superimposed in approximately perpendicular similarly.

[0056] On the contrary, as shown in FIG. 11(a), in the related art photovoltaic device 3, 3, . . . , the conducting materials 152 are disposed on the surface of backside of the protective resin film 182 with bulged, so that the photovoltaic devices 3 incline when superimposed. Therefore, it is difficult; to store them in the container 2 stably.

[0057] As this invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit of essential characteristics thereof, the present embodiment is therefore illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such meets and bounds thereof are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims. 

1. A photovoltaic device comprising; a photovoltaic module; an insulating substrate which the photovoltaic module is disposed on or above, the insulating substrate defining a hole for connecting with an output terminal of the photovoltaic module; a conducting material which is disposed in the hole of the insulating substrate thereby electrically connected with the output terminal, the conducting material extended to backside of the substrate; and a protective material covering backside of the substrate and forming an opening, which is larger than backside shape of the conducting material, facing with the conductive material.
 2. A photovoltaic device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of resin material, and the protective layer is a resin film.
 3. A photovoltaic device comprising: a photovoltaic module disposed on or above an insulating substrate; a conducting material electrically connected with an output terminal of the photovoltaic module and disposed on or above topside of the substrate; and a protective layer covering topside of the photovoltaic module and forming an opening at position facing with the conducting material, the opening being larger than the topside shape of the conducting material.
 4. A photovoltaic device according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is made of resin material, and the protective layer is a resin film.
 5. A photovoltaic device comprising: a photovoltaic module disposed on or above an insulating substrate; a conducting material connected with an output terminal of the photovoltaic module and disposed on one side of the substrate; a protective layer covering said side of the photovoltaic module and forming an opening at position facing with the conducting material, the opening being larger than shape of said side of the conducting material.
 6. A photovoltaic device according to claim 5 wherein, the substrate is made of resin material, and the protective layer is a resin film.
 7. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device comprising the steps of: forming a hole on an insulating substrate for electrically connecting with an output terminal of a photovoltaic module disposed on or above the substrate; disposing a conducting material on backside of the substrate to connect with the output terminal electrically via the hole; and forming a protective layer defining an opening at position facing with the conducting material at the backside of the substrate, the opening being lager than backside shape of the conducting material.
 8. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device according to claim 7, wherein the substrate is made of resin material, and the protective layer is a resin film.
 9. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device comprising the steps of: disposing a conducting material on topside of a insulating substrate for electrically connecting with the output terminal of a photovoltaic module disposed on or above the insulating substrate; and forming a protective layer defining an opening at position facing with the conducting material on topside of the substrate, the opening being lager than topside shape of the conducting material.
 10. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device according to claim 9 wherein, the substrate is made of resin material, and the protective layer is a resin film. 